A Guide to High-Speed Embedded Processors
Fifth Edition
     
Table of Contents
       
 

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List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
xi
About the Authors
xiii
About the Publisher
xv
Preface
xvii
Executive Summary
xix


 
Chapter 1. Processor Technology
1

        Processor Basics
1

        CPU Microarchitecture
5

        Main Memory

13

        I/O and Network Interfaces

16
Chapter 2.   Embedded Applications
21
        Networking and Communications Equipment
21
             Control Plane vs. Data Plane
21
             Control-Plane Processing
23
             Data-Plane Applications
24
             Services Cards
24
             Networked Storage and RAID Controllers
25
             Security
26
             Broadband Infrastructure
27
             Wireless Base Stations
27
        Consumer Electronics
28
             Set-Top Boxes
29
             Home Networking
29
             Digital Photo Frame
30
             IP Phone
30
             IP Camera
31
        High-Speed Printers
32
        PC-Like Applications
33
        Industrial Control, Medical, and Military
34
Chapter 3.   Standard Instruction Sets
35
        Architecture Comparison
35
             Technology
35
             Market Position
36
        x86 Instruction Set
37
             Background
37
             Initial Instruction Set
38
             Recent Extensions
38
        MIPS Instruction Set
39
             Background
39
             Initial Instruction Set
40
             Recent Extensions
41
        PowerPC Instruction Set
42
             Background
42
             Initial Instruction Set
44
        ARM Instruction Set
45
             Background
45
             Instruction Set
46
             Recent Extensions
46
Chapter 4.   High-Speed Processors
49
        What Is a High-Speed Embedded Processor?
49
             What is Not a High-Speed Embedded Processor
50
        Common Characteristics
50
             Standalone vs. Integrated Processors
50
             Encryption Engines
52
             RAID and Other Storage Engines
52
             Packet-Processing Accelerators
53
        Benchmarks
53
             CPU Benchmarks
54
             Security Performance
55
Chapter 5.   Technology and Market Trends
57
        Technology Trends
57
             Multicore
57
             CPU Complexity
58
             Memory Access
59
             Integration Trends
59
             Specialized Accelerators and On-Chip Interconnects
60
             Embedded vs. Communications Processors
60
        Market Overview
61
             Market Size by Vendor
61
             Market Share by Instruction Set Architecture
65
             Market Forecast
66
Chapter 6.   AppliedMicro (AMCC)
71
        Company Background
71
        Key Features and Performance
72
        Internal Architecture
75
        System Design
78
        Development Tools
79
        Product Roadmap
80
        Conclusions
80
Chapter 7.   Cavium
83
        Company Background
83
        Key Features and Performance
84
             Octeon
84
             Econa
88
        Internal Architecture
90
             Octeon
90
             Econa
92
        System Design
93
             Octeon
93
             Econa
96
        Development Tools
96
        Product Roadmap
97
        Conclusions
98
Chapter 8.   Freescale
101
        Company Background
101
        Key Features and Performance
102
             Low-Cost PowerQuicc II Pro Processors
103
             Single-/Dual-Core PowerQuicc III and QorIQ Processors
104
             Quicc Engine Processors
105
             Dual-Core PowerQuicc and Multicore QorIQ Processors
107
        Internal Architecture
110
             e300 CPU
110
             e500 CPU
111
             Security Engines
112
             Quicc Engine
113
             QorIQ P4 Architecture
114
        System Design
115
             System Interfaces
115
             Application Examples
117
        Development Tools
119
        Product Roadmap
120
        Conclusions
120
Chapter 9.   Intel
123
        Company Background
123
        Key Features and Performance
124
             Nehalem-based Xeon Products
124
             Penryn-based Xeon, Core2 Duo, and Celeron Processors
126
             Atom Products
128
        Internal Architecture
130
        System Design
134
             Penryn-based Xeon, Core2 Duo, and Celeron Processors
134
             Nehalem-based Xeon Products
136
             Atom-Based Systems
137
        Development Tools
138
        Product Roadmap
138
        Conclusions
140
Chapter 10.   Marvell
143
        Company Background
143
        Key Features and Performance
144
        Internal Architecture
148
        System Design
150
        Development Tools
151
        Product Roadmap
152
        Conclusions
153
Chapter 11.   NetLogic (RMI)
155
        Company Background
155
        Key Features and Performance
156
             XLR Processors
156
             XLS Processors
158
             XLP Processors
159
        Internal Architecture
160
        System Design
163
        Development Tools
166
        Product Roadmap
166
        Conclusions
166
Chapter 12.   Tilera
169
        Company Background
169
        Key Features and Performance
169
        Internal Architecture
171
        System Design
173
        Development Tools
174
        Product Roadmap
174
        Conclusions
175
Chapter 13.   Other Vendors
177
        AMD
177
             Company Background
177
             Key Features and Performance
178
             Conclusions
180
        Broadcom
181
             Company Background
181
             Key Features and Performance
182
             Conclusions
184
        IBM
184
        LSI
185
             Company Background
185
             Key Features and Performance
186
             Conclusions
187
        PMC-Sierra
188
        Ubicom
189
             Company Background
189
             Key Features and Performance
189
             Design Details
191
             Conclusions
191
        Via
192
             Company Background
192
             Key Features and Performance
193
             Conclusions
195
Chapter 14.   Processor Comparisons
197
        Sub-3W Processors
198
             Performance
199
             Interfaces
199
             Conclusions
202
        3-7W Processors
203
             Performance
205
             Interfaces
207
             Conclusions
208
        7-20W Processors
209
             Performance
209
             Interfaces
211
             Conclusions
212
        20-30W Processors
214
             Performance
215
             Interfaces
217
             Conclusions
218

        Processors Consuming More Than 30W
219
Chapter 15.   Conclusions
221
        Market Trends
221
             Wireless Infrastructure
221
             Networking Data Plane and Security
222
             Printers
222
             Consumer Opportunities
223
             Kiosks and Digital Signs
223
        Vendor Outlook
224
        Closing Thoughts
228
   
 
Appendix: Further Reading
229
Index
231

 

 

 
       
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